Nature 2026-06-04｜本期新刊導讀

本期共 67 篇，其中 20 篇 OA。

本期主軸

本期 Nature 的重心很明顯：第一是 Ebola/Bundibugyo outbreak 暴露的公衛基礎建設斷層，從診斷覆蓋、社區監測、跨境移動到戰亂區域可近性，形成一組「技術不是沒有，而是沒有部署到風險前線」的案例。第二是 AI 與自動化正在改寫研究產出形式，涵蓋 protein structure atlas、robotic lab、AI-generated mathematics proof、virtual cells、social-science survey pollution 與 peer review metascience。第三是 climate tipping risk 的量化轉向：Amazon drying、compound extremes、forest carbon buffer pool 都指向同一件事——風險不是線性、不是局部、也不是 carbon credit protocol 目前能充分承擔。第四是 轉譯生物醫學，從 autoimmune thyroid disease 的 somatic checkpoint mutation、chronic pain circuit、mammalian ageing clocks、reproductive gut immunity，到 CRC oncofetal plasticity、melanoma resistance 與 large genomic insertion，皆在問同一個問題：疾病 phenotype 背後的細胞狀態與 circuit/regulatory architecture 能否被定位成可介入靶點。

必讀導讀

1. Better diagnostics could have limited this Ebola outbreak — World View

這篇把 Bundibugyo Ebola outbreak 的延誤切到診斷層面：前線可及的 GeneXpert 主要偵測 Zaire ebolavirus，不能涵蓋較罕見的 Bundibugyo；可用於 Bundibugyo 的 RealStar screening kit 與 genome sequencing 又集中在 Kinshasa 等較高階實驗室，且手動 RNA extraction 增加操作負擔。臨床與公衛意義在於：outbreak preparedness 不能只針對上一波最常見 pathogen species 建置，而要有 species-broad diagnostics、point-of-care screening、快速 sequencing 與社區信任機制。文章也提醒，armed conflict、misinformation、跨境移動與實驗室能力不足會互相放大，讓「可預防的延誤」變成區域性危機。

常見誤判：把 Ebola preparedness 等同於「有 Zaire ebolavirus vaccine/test」；真正漏洞常在 species coverage 與前線部署。

2. Obesity doesn’t equate to ill health: why the ‘disease’ label doesn’t always fit — Comment

Rubino 的重點不是否認 obesity 的健康風險，而是反對把所有 BMI-defined obesity 一律標成同一種 chronic disease。文章主張區分 clinical obesity 與 preclinical obesity：前者是 excess fat tissue 已直接造成 organ dysfunction 或日常功能受損；後者則是風險升高但 organ function 尚保存。這對臨床很關鍵，因為 GLP-1 receptor agonists、bariatric surgery 與長期追蹤資源都有限，若只用 BMI 或共病清單決定治療，會同時造成 under-treatment 與 over-medicalization。較好的做法是把 BMI 當篩檢入口，再評估心肺、代謝、肌肉骨骼與功能狀態，而不是把 risk state 與 established disease 混為一談。

常見誤判：BMI 達 obesity cut-off 就必然代表「已罹病」；或相反地，沒有 diabetes/hypertension 就不需要任何風險管理。

3. ‘Virtual cells’ aim to turn raw data into predictive models of biology — Technology Feature

Virtual cells 的價值不在於做漂亮的細胞動畫，而是嘗試把 transcriptomics、proteomics、imaging、spatial data 與 perturbation response 整合成可預測模型。文章清楚指出難點：cell 是高度結構化但極度複雜的系統，同一套 model 不能直接跨 cell type、狀態與刺激條件外推；資料愈多不等於機制愈清楚，反而可能 drowning in data。臨床轉譯上，virtual cells 有機會改善 drug target prioritization、toxicity prediction、disease-state simulation 與實驗設計，但目前仍應視為模型化框架，而非 patient-level digital twin。對生醫研究者而言，最重要的工作不是追逐單一 foundation model，而是建立可驗證、可反駁、可追溯訓練資料與假設邊界的模型。

常見誤判：把 virtual cell 當成已能完整取代 wet-lab validation 的「細胞數位分身」。

4. Deforestation-induced drying lowers Amazon climate threshold — Article OA

這篇是本期 climate risk 的核心研究之一。作者以 dynamical systems model 結合 atmospheric moisture-tracking model，顯示若不考慮 deforestation，Amazon forest stability 的 critical global warming threshold 約在 3.7–4.0 °C；但納入 deforestation 後，1.5–1.9 °C warming 加上 22–28% deforestation 就可能導致 62–77% Amazon area 接近 degraded ecosystem transition。重點不是單一地點「乾掉」，而是 moisture transport 被破壞後，drought intensity 產生 spatial knock-on effects，形成數百到數千公里尺度的 cascading transitions。這使 Amazon policy 不能只談 global emissions，也必須同時談 halt deforestation 與 restoration。

常見誤判：把 Amazon tipping point 視為單純由全球均溫決定；deforestation 會把 threshold 大幅往下推。

5. Polyclonal selection of immune checkpoint mutations in thyroid autoimmunity — Article OA

這篇把 autoimmune thyroid disease 的「自體免疫細胞如何逃過 tolerance」推進到 somatic evolution 層次。作者以 whole-exome sequencing 與 NanoSeq 搜尋 driver mutations，發現許多 B cell clones 獨立取得 immune checkpoint genes 的 loss-of-function mutations，尤其是 TNFRSF14/HVEM 與 CD274/PD-L1，並可見 biallelic loss 與多重 driver hits。每個 clone 通常只佔少數細胞，但多個 mutant clones 加總後可形成 substantial fraction。臨床意義是：common autoimmune disease 不一定只是 germline risk 與環境誘因的結果，也可能存在 polyclonal cascade of somatic evolution。這不等於馬上有治療靶點，但會改變對 disease initiation、flare 與 tissue-local B cell selection 的理解。

常見誤判：把 autoimmune thyroid disease 想成單一 dominant clone 或純 germline predisposition；此文支持的是多個小型 B cell clones 的平行選汰。

6. Deconstruction of a spino-brain–spinal cord circuit that drives chronic pain — Article OA

這篇在 mouse models 中拆解 chronic mechanical pain 的 circuit loop：peripheral injury signal 經 spinal cord、thalamus、primary somatosensory cortex，再經 lateral superior colliculus 連到 μ-opioid-receptor-expressing RVMSC neurons，形成 spino-brain–spinal cord loop。關鍵觀察是，silencing 任一節點對健康小鼠 nociception 影響有限，但可在 inflammatory 與 neuropathic pain models 中消除 mechanical hypersensitization、恢復正常反應閾值；反過來，repetitive activation 可誘發 chronic mechanical hypersensitization。臨床上這提醒 chronic pain 不是急性痛覺訊號變強而已，而是 circuit state 被長期重塑；但仍屬動物與 circuit-level evidence，不能直接等同人類可立即 intervention。

常見誤判：把 chronic pain 當作「周邊 nociceptor 持續放電」；此文顯示 ascending–descending loop 可能是 chronification 的核心。

7. Universal transcriptomic hallmarks of mammalian ageing and mortality — Article OA

這篇整合超過 11,000 transcriptomes、超過 25 種 tissues、4 種 mammals，建立 rodent 與 multi-species biomarkers，用於估計 chronological age、expected mortality、lifespan-modulating interventions、time to death、chronic diseases 與 rejuvenation。文章提出 conserved signatures，例如 CDKN1A 與 LGALS3，並將 ageing/mortality features 分解成 inflammation、interferon signalling、mitochondrial function、chromatin modification、extracellular matrix organization 等 module。臨床端最大的啟示是：ageing clock 不應只看單一「生物年齡」分數，而要看不同 cellular subsystem 的 module-specific acceleration。這提供介入評估框架，但不能當成 anti-ageing therapy 已被證實延壽的 surrogate endpoint。

常見誤判：看到 transcriptomic clock 變年輕，就宣稱某介入已證明延壽或 rejuvenation。

8. Quadruple pegRNA enables programmable and efficient large genomic insertion — Article

QuadPE 是本期重要方法學文章。傳統 paired pegRNA prime editing 對大於 300 bp 的 payload insertion 效率快速下降；作者提出 quadruple pegRNA strategy，把兩個 genome-targeting pegRNAs 與兩個 donor-targeting pegRNAs 組合，達成 1.6–26 kb DNA fragments 的 stable integration，摘要中提到多個 loci 約 40% 效率，且對 9.5 kb insertion 較 PASSIGE、PASTE、CAST 分別提升 11-fold、61-fold、12-fold。更重要的是，QuadPE 可用於 dividing 與 non-dividing primary cells，讓大型基因置入更接近可程式化。臨床轉譯仍要面對 delivery、genotoxicity、off-target insertion、immunogenicity 與 manufacturing，但方法學門檻已明顯前移。

常見誤判：以為 prime editing 已可在臨床安全、普遍地插入任意大型基因；此文主要突破 efficiency 與 programmability，不等於解決體內遞送與安全性。

指南/綜論/方法學（表格）

本期沒有 formal guideline；下表收納未列入「必讀導讀」的逐篇短評，含 news、editorial、correspondence、research article、Matters Arising 與 corrections。

#	文章	類型/OA	導讀重點
1	Ebola can be stopped — but only if world leaders prioritize public health	Editorial	把 Ebola framing 為公衛基礎建設與政治優先順序失敗；重點是 surveillance、contact tracing、safe burials 與戰區可近性。
2	The future of science communication is not an article like this	Editorial	以 short-video/social-first news 為背景，要求科學社群進入視覺平台，同時守住來源標示、COI 與 misinformation 控制。
4	Why a synthetic human genome is still worth building	World View	主張 synthetic human genome 應轉向 minimal genome，而非只追求 ultrasafe recoding；治理與 public oversight 是核心。
5	How common bacteria fasten their armour	Research Highlight	僅依短文評論：定位細菌外膜錨定到 cell wall 的酵素機制，對 envelope biology 與抗菌靶點有基礎價值。
6	Gold keeps glittering courtesy of surface chemistry	Research Highlight	僅依短文評論：gold surface 的 hexagonal pattern 形成不利氧化反應環境，說明 noble metal stability 的表面化學來源。
7	Bespoke immune cells stave off ravages of cirrhosis	Research Highlight	macrophage therapy 與 cirrhosis transplant-free survival 訊號相關；仍需看 trial design 與 long-term safety，不能直接改寫標準照護。
8	Surgeons in imperial China used anaesthetics — in careful doses	Research Highlight	15 世紀外科器械殘留 aconitine，支持局部麻醉或止痛應用；考古化學證據不等同完整麻醉實務重建。
9	Move over, AlphaFold: open-source model predicts shape of 1 billion proteins	News	ESMFold2/ESM Atlas 擴大至 1.1 billion structures 與 6.8 billion sequences；open-source 是優勢，但未知 folds 仍需驗證。
10	Robots run this laboratory in Japan — and are changing how scientists work	News	Tokyo robotic biology lab 展示 stem-cell culture 與 protocol optimization；目前仍需人類備料、排錯與清理。
11	AI cracks 80-year-old mathematics challenge — researchers are astonished	News	AI 反駁 Erdős unit-distance conjecture，顯示 general-purpose reasoning 的躍進；但閉源模型與未公開完整 reasoning 使可審計性成焦點。
12	Ebola outbreak spirals out of control: how might it have started?	Q&A	以 bat–human interface、bushmeat、porous border 與屋舍蝙蝠棲息解釋 spillover 風險；社區領袖與女性團體是訊息入口。
13	See the clouds streaming and vanishing around this planet — 690 light years away	News	JWST transit phase asymmetry 顯示 WASP-94 A b 夜側雲形成、日側消散；忽略 day–night 差異會誤判大氣化學。
14	Stress impairs your brain’s ability to link memories — dampening insight	News	121 位受試者與 fMRI 任務顯示 acute stress 會削弱 hippocampal integration；行為正確率相近，不代表神經表徵未變。
15	Blue Origin rocket explosion rattles NASA’s mission to put humans back on the Moon	News	Blue Origin test failure 使 NASA Moon base/Artemis 供應鏈風險浮現；大型探月計畫高度依賴 commercial partner readiness。
16	Tough peer-review process? Your paper might end up being more highly cited	News	LLM 分析 8,000 篇 accepted papers peer-review files，強批評與大修和較高 citation 相關；accepted-only selection 是限制。
17	Will AI ruin the social sciences — or revolutionize them?	News Feature	LLM 可污染 surveys、催生脆弱 manuscript 與 P-hacking；同時也能促進 specification curve/multiverse analysis。
18	Can an army of babies and dogs rescue psychology from its reproducibility crisis?	News Feature	ManyBabies、ManyDogs、ManyBirds 等 big-team science 提升樣本與跨場域檢驗；null replication 應視為方法校正資訊。
19	How long can humans live? We simply don’t know	Book Review	Longevity claims 的最大弱點是 paperwork error、pension fraud 與 age validation；biomarker 若用錯年齡校準仍不能救。
20	Peter H. Raven obituary: visionary botanist who transformed our understanding of plant diversity	Obituary	回顧 Raven 在 plant evolution、biogeography、Missouri Botanical Garden 與 biodiversity conservation 的制度性貢獻。
22	Global plastics treaty must be built on a foundation of monitoring	Correspondence	主張 plastics treaty 不能只談 road map；monitoring 與 verification 若仍 non-binding，治理就缺乏可執行基礎。
23	Power imbalances in adviser–student relationships need safeguarding	Correspondence	adviser 對 early-career researcher 的 career leverage 常被低估；制度性 safeguarding 比個別善意更可靠。
24	Is it time to ‘cap and trade’ credits for research-funding proposals?	Correspondence	面對 agentic AI 可能放大 grant application flood，作者建議從 proposal volume 本身治理，而非只修審查流程。
25	Natural capital accounting needs a way to assess uncertainty	Correspondence	natural capital accounting 若沿用剛性 accounting identities，會低估 ecological uncertainty；需把 uncertainty 納入制度設計。
26	Science fiction: nine lab-life novels for your holiday reading	Career Feature	用 lab-life novels 反照 graduate training、toxic mentorship、科研文化與想像力；是 humanities/career 層面的輕讀但有制度暗線。
28	Robust projections of risks to the Amazon rainforest	News & Views	評述 Amazon deforestation 改變 moisture transport，低 warming 也可觸發大範圍 dieback；與 Article 45 互為導讀。
29	Jupiter observations reveal a simple scaling law for particle acceleration	News & Views	Jupiter bow shock observation 連到 particle acceleration scaling law；對 cosmic ray source energy limit 提供可觀測約束。
30	Gene-expression patterns can be used to estimate mortality risk and chronological age	News & Views	評述 mammalian transcriptomic clocks；價值在跨物種、跨 tissue conserved ageing modules，而非單一 biological age 分數。
31	Nanostructure of tooth enamel casts light on dietary shifts as humans evolved	News & Views	enamel nanocrystal orientation 可追蹤 diet hardness 與 human dietary transition；連結材料結構與演化考古。
32	Remembering inventor and activist Hertha Ayrton	News & Views	以 archive 形式紀念 Hertha Ayrton，凸顯女性科學家、工程創新與 suffrage activism 的歷史交會。
33	Protective maternal gut instincts	News & Views	評述 reproduction-associated intestinal remodelling；pregnancy/lactation 不是單純免疫抑制，而是 tissue-specific defence adaptation。
34	Hard-to-detect mutations explain how common autoimmune diseases arise	News & Views	評述 thyroid autoimmunity 的 rare B-cell somatic mutations；技術進步讓舊的 somatic mutation hypothesis 可被檢驗。
35	Relativistic electron acceleration at the bow shock of Jupiter and beyond	Article OA	Juno data 顯示 Jupiter bow shock 上游 ≥1 MeV electron acceleration，並提出 Hillas limit scaling；天文物理可驗證性提高。
36	Direct observation of the superallowed α-decay of 104Te	Article	104Te half-life 7.2 ns，為最快 ground-state α-emitting nucleus；支持 near 100Sn 的極端 α-particle preformation。
37	High-pulse-energy integrated mode-locked laser using a Mamyshev oscillator	Article	erbium-implanted silicon nitride PIC 上實現 nanojoule pulse energy 與 147 fs compression；chip-scale spectroscopy 更接近實用。
38	Metamaterial-enhanced near-field radiative heat transfer	Article	gold split-ring resonator metamaterials 增強 near-field radiative heat transfer；thermal harvesting 與 infrared sensing 有設計意義。
39	Continuously graded-doped SnO2 for efficient n–i–p perovskite solar cells	Article	graded n+/n-doped SnO2 ETL 解決 buried-interface recombination，certified PCE 27.17%；scalability 仍需模組長期穩定性。
40	Enamel nanocrystal misorientation increased with meat-eating and agriculture	Article OA	PELICAN 顯示 enamel nanocrystal misorientation 隨硬食、肉食與農業增加；牙齒適應可在 nanoscale 被讀出。
41	Mechanophore cross-linking enhances ballistic energy dissipation of polymers	Article	mechanophore cross-links 在極高速變形下提升 energy dissipation，最高約 115%；翻轉 cross-linking 使材料變脆的常見 trade-off。
42	Ambiphilic cross-coupling with aryl-bismuth reagents	Article OA	aryl-bismuth reagents 可同時扮演 nucleophile/electrophile，挑戰 cross-coupling 中反應角色由 bond polarity 固定的假設。
43	Enhanced response of extreme compound events to cumulative CO2 emissions	Article	TCoRE 顯示罕見且嚴重的 compound events 對 cumulative CO2 emissions 反應不成比例上升，風險高於多模型平均。
44	Forest carbon protocols underestimate climate-driven carbon loss risks	Article	CONUS forest carbon buffer pool 可能平均小 6.3 倍；carbon credit protocol 若忽略 climate disturbance，抵換可信度不足。
46	The 1000 Chinese Pangenome empowers medical and population genetics	Article OA	1,116 diploid assemblies 建立 1KCP，補入 405.3 Mb non-reference sequences；提升 complex variants 與 eQTL 解析。
49	Neural representation of action symbols in primate frontal cortex	Article OA	macaque drawing-like task 指出 ventral premotor cortex 編碼 action symbols；支持 motor behaviour 的可重組神經表徵。
50	Dopaminergic mechanisms of dynamical social specialization	Article OA	isogenic mice triads 自發形成 worker–scrounger 或 cooperative roles，VTA dopamine 調控 social specialization 與可塑性。
52	Cytoplasmic competition between separate parental pronuclei in zygotes	Article OA	separate parental pronuclei 透過 cytoplasmic competition 維持 epigenetic marks 與 developmental potential；提醒 one-pronuclear zygote 應謹慎。
53	Glycerol-driven TNAP activation in thermogenesis and mineralization	Article	glycerol 是 TNAP allosteric activator，連結 UCP1-independent thermogenesis 與 bone mineralization；人類 variants 支持生理重要性。
54	Eosinophils drive intestinal remodelling and innate defence in reproduction	Article OA	pregnancy/lactation 期間 eosinophils 促進 goblet cell differentiation 與 mucus production，增強 enteric defence 並可持續至 lactation 後。
55	DNA damage drives antigen diversification in Trypanosoma brucei	Article OA	targeted sequencing 顯示 VSG coding-sequence DSB 可誘發 RAD51/BRCA2-dependent recombination，產生 antigenically distinct VSGs。
56	Emergence of oncofetal plasticity is ubiquitous in early colorectal cancers	Article OA	early CRC 已可出現 metastasis-associated oncofetal states，但 metastasis 還需 immune evasion 等 bottlenecks；不可把出現視為必然轉移。
57	Myosin forces remodel F-actin for mechanosensitive protein recognition	Article OA	myosin force 使 F-actin 出現 curvature/supercoils，改變 α-catenin binding；提供 mechanotransduction 的結構層解釋。
58	Template-driven scaffolding of SCFFBXO42 regulates PP2A degradation	Article OA	SCFFBXO42–CCDC6 複合體降解 holoenzyme-free PP2Ac，維持 cancer cell fitness；PP2A 調控不只靠 holoenzyme assembly。
59	Mapping convergent regulators of melanoma drug resistance by PerturbFate	Article OA	PerturbFate profile >300,000 melanoma cells 與 >140 resistance genes，找出 convergent dedifferentiated resistant state。
61	The size of tropical vegetation gross primary production	Matters Arising	僅依可見段落評論：挑戰 Lai et al. 對 tropical GPP 的較高估計，主張 satellite consensus 約 120–140 PgC yr−1。
62	Reply to: The size of tropical vegetation gross primary production	Matters Arising	僅依可見段落評論：原作者回應 tropical GPP 被高估之批評，主張原 Article 結論仍受支持。
63	Author Correction: The AIM2 inflammasome exacerbates atherosclerosis in clonal haematopoiesis	Author Correction	更正 Extended Data Fig. 10l figure assembly duplication；因原文年代因素未更新圖，但提供正確脈絡說明。
64	Author Correction: Postprandial lipid metabolism durably enhances T cell immunity	Author Correction OA	更正 Fig. 3h carbohydrate/lipid/protein 標籤與 affiliation/acknowledgement；不應解讀為主結論推翻。
65	Author Correction: Inactivating SnRK1β1A promotes broad-spectrum disease resistance in rice	Author Correction	更正 Extended Data Fig. 7l 左圖因 figure preparation error；需回看 amended HTML/PDF 與 supplementary comparison。
66	Publisher Correction: GLP-1R–GIPR–PPARα/γ/δ quintuple agonism corrects obesity and diabetes in mice	Publisher Correction OA	更正 Fig. 4d colour key labels；涉及 mouse obesity/diabetes agonism 圖例，閱讀劑量/組別時需用新版。
67	Publisher Correction: Microbiota-induced T cell plasticity enables immune-mediated tumour control	Publisher Correction OA	更正 Fig. 2a α-PD-1 injection timeline 與 Fig. 2c axis label typo；屬圖文標示修正。

臨床可帶走的 8 點

1. Ebola 診斷要看 species coverage：只部署能偵測 Zaire ebolavirus 的工具，無法涵蓋 Bundibugyo 等較罕見 species，會造成疫情早期 false reassurance。
2. obesity 需要 phenotype-based staging：BMI 是入口，不是疾病診斷本身；clinical obesity 應看 excess fat 是否直接造成 organ dysfunction 或功能障礙。
3. cirrhosis macrophage therapy 仍是訊號，不是 routine care：Research Highlight 指向 transplant-free survival 可能改善，但需回到 phase、對照、事件數與安全性判讀。
4. chronic pain 應視為 circuit-level chronification：動物研究指出 spino-brain–spinal loop 可能維持 mechanical hypersensitization，與單純止痛或周邊阻斷不同。
5. autoimmune thyroid disease 可有 somatic immune evolution：多個小型 B cell clones 的 checkpoint loss-of-function mutations 可能累積成 disease-relevant population。
6. ageing clocks 不是治療結局本身：transcriptomic modules 有研究與風險分層價值，但不能把 clock 改變直接等同延壽或臨床獲益。
7. early CRC 的 oncofetal plasticity 不等於必然 metastasis：metastasis-associated state 可早期出現，但 immune evasion 等 bottlenecks 仍決定臨床轉歸。
8. large genomic insertion 的效率突破不等於臨床 ready：QuadPE 改善 1.6–26 kb insertion，但 delivery、off-target、genotoxicity 與 manufacturing 仍是治療開發核心門檻。

完整文章連結（按文章類型分組）

Editorial

• Ebola can be stopped — but only if world leaders prioritize public health — Editorial
• The future of science communication is not an article like this — Editorial

World View

• Better diagnostics could have limited this Ebola outbreak — World View
• Why a synthetic human genome is still worth building — World View

Research Highlight

• How common bacteria fasten their armour — Research Highlight
• Gold keeps glittering courtesy of surface chemistry — Research Highlight
• Bespoke immune cells stave off ravages of cirrhosis — Research Highlight
• Surgeons in imperial China used anaesthetics — in careful doses — Research Highlight

News / Q&A / Feature / Career

• Move over, AlphaFold: open-source model predicts shape of 1 billion proteins — News
• Robots run this laboratory in Japan — and are changing how scientists work — News
• AI cracks 80-year-old mathematics challenge — researchers are astonished — News
• Ebola outbreak spirals out of control: how might it have started? — Q&A
• See the clouds streaming and vanishing around this planet — 690 light years away — News
• Stress impairs your brain’s ability to link memories — dampening insight — News
• Blue Origin rocket explosion rattles NASA’s mission to put humans back on the Moon — News
• Tough peer-review process? Your paper might end up being more highly cited — News
• Will AI ruin the social sciences — or revolutionize them? — News Feature
• Can an army of babies and dogs rescue psychology from its reproducibility crisis? — News Feature
• Science fiction: nine lab-life novels for your holiday reading — Career Feature
• ‘Virtual cells’ aim to turn raw data into predictive models of biology — Technology Feature

Humanities / Comment / Correspondence

• How long can humans live? We simply don’t know — Book Review
• Peter H. Raven obituary: visionary botanist who transformed our understanding of plant diversity — Obituary
• Obesity doesn’t equate to ill health: why the ‘disease’ label doesn’t always fit — Comment
• Global plastics treaty must be built on a foundation of monitoring — Correspondence
• Power imbalances in adviser–student relationships need safeguarding — Correspondence
• Is it time to ‘cap and trade’ credits for research-funding proposals? — Correspondence
• Natural capital accounting needs a way to assess uncertainty — Correspondence

News & Views

• Robust projections of risks to the Amazon rainforest — News & Views
• Jupiter observations reveal a simple scaling law for particle acceleration — News & Views
• Gene-expression patterns can be used to estimate mortality risk and chronological age — News & Views
• Nanostructure of tooth enamel casts light on dietary shifts as humans evolved — News & Views
• Remembering inventor and activist Hertha Ayrton — News & Views
• Protective maternal gut instincts — News & Views
• Hard-to-detect mutations explain how common autoimmune diseases arise — News & Views

Article

• Relativistic electron acceleration at the bow shock of Jupiter and beyond — Article OA
• Direct observation of the superallowed α-decay of 104Te — Article
• High-pulse-energy integrated mode-locked laser using a Mamyshev oscillator — Article
• Metamaterial-enhanced near-field radiative heat transfer — Article
• Continuously graded-doped SnO2 for efficient n–i–p perovskite solar cells — Article
• Enamel nanocrystal misorientation increased with meat-eating and agriculture — Article OA
• Mechanophore cross-linking enhances ballistic energy dissipation of polymers — Article
• Ambiphilic cross-coupling with aryl-bismuth reagents — Article OA
• Enhanced response of extreme compound events to cumulative CO2 emissions — Article
• Forest carbon protocols underestimate climate-driven carbon loss risks — Article
• Deforestation-induced drying lowers Amazon climate threshold — Article OA
• The 1000 Chinese Pangenome empowers medical and population genetics — Article OA
• Polyclonal selection of immune checkpoint mutations in thyroid autoimmunity — Article OA
• Deconstruction of a spino-brain–spinal cord circuit that drives chronic pain — Article OA
• Neural representation of action symbols in primate frontal cortex — Article OA
• Dopaminergic mechanisms of dynamical social specialization — Article OA
• Universal transcriptomic hallmarks of mammalian ageing and mortality — Article OA
• Cytoplasmic competition between separate parental pronuclei in zygotes — Article OA
• Glycerol-driven TNAP activation in thermogenesis and mineralization — Article
• Eosinophils drive intestinal remodelling and innate defence in reproduction — Article OA
• DNA damage drives antigen diversification in Trypanosoma brucei — Article OA
• Emergence of oncofetal plasticity is ubiquitous in early colorectal cancers — Article OA
• Myosin forces remodel F-actin for mechanosensitive protein recognition — Article OA
• Template-driven scaffolding of SCFFBXO42 regulates PP2A degradation — Article OA
• Mapping convergent regulators of melanoma drug resistance by PerturbFate — Article OA
• Quadruple pegRNA enables programmable and efficient large genomic insertion — Article

Matters Arising / Corrections

• The size of tropical vegetation gross primary production — Matters Arising
• Reply to: The size of tropical vegetation gross primary production — Matters Arising
• Author Correction: The AIM2 inflammasome exacerbates atherosclerosis in clonal haematopoiesis — Author Correction
• Author Correction: Postprandial lipid metabolism durably enhances T cell immunity — Author Correction OA
• Author Correction: Inactivating SnRK1β1A promotes broad-spectrum disease resistance in rice — Author Correction
• Publisher Correction: GLP-1R–GIPR–PPARα/γ/δ quintuple agonism corrects obesity and diabetes in mice — Publisher Correction OA
• Publisher Correction: Microbiota-induced T cell plasticity enables immune-mediated tumour control — Publisher Correction OA

Article-level structured metadata

[
  {
    "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-026-01630-5",
    "title": "Ebola can be stopped — but only if world leaders prioritize public health",
    "type": "Editorial",
    "is_oa": false,
    "population": "Central African countries affected by Bundibugyo Ebola outbreak; DRC and Uganda emphasized",
    "comparator": null,
    "primary_endpoint": null,
    "effect_size": "First 1976 outbreak: 280 deaths from 318 cases; current outbreak text reports more than 900 suspected cases and around 120 confirmed cases at publication",
    "key_claim": "Ebola control requires public-health capacity, surveillance, contact tracing, safe burials, communication and political prioritization, not only emergency response.",
    "common_misconception": "Ebola control is mainly a vaccine or treatment problem rather than a public-health infrastructure problem."
  },
  {
    "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-026-01723-1",
    "title": "The future of science communication is not an article like this",
    "type": "Editorial",
    "is_oa": false,
    "population": "Researchers, publishers, science communicators and young news audiences",
    "comparator": "Social-first video platforms vs article/news-site-centred communication",
    "primary_endpoint": null,
    "effect_size": null,
    "key_claim": "Science communication must adapt to video-first social platforms while maintaining sourcing, integrity and misinformation safeguards.",
    "common_misconception": "Credible science can remain influential without entering the platforms where younger audiences receive news."
  },
  {
    "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-026-01724-0",
    "title": "Better diagnostics could have limited this Ebola outbreak",
    "type": "World View",
    "is_oa": false,
    "population": "DRC Bundibugyo Ebola outbreak and at-risk regional surveillance systems",
    "comparator": "GeneXpert Zaire-focused testing vs Bundibugyo-capable RealStar/sequencing workflows",
    "primary_endpoint": "Timely outbreak detection and diagnostic coverage",
    "effect_size": "More than 850 cases reported in the article; outbreak declared on 15 May after symptoms in first known case on 24 April",
    "key_claim": "Preparedness must include diagnostics, surveillance, therapeutics and vaccines across Ebola species, not only Zaire ebolavirus.",
    "common_misconception": "Having any Ebola diagnostic capacity means having adequate Ebola diagnostic preparedness."
  },
  {
    "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-026-01725-z",
    "title": "Why a synthetic human genome is still worth building",
    "type": "World View",
    "is_oa": false,
    "population": "Synthetic biology and genome engineering research community",
    "comparator": "Minimal human genome goal vs ultrasafe viral-resistance recoding goal",
    "primary_endpoint": null,
    "effect_size": "UK project described as £10-million (US$13-million) synthetic chromosome effort",
    "key_claim": "A renewed synthetic human genome project should prioritize defining a minimal human genome with proactive governance.",
    "common_misconception": "Synthetic human genome work is mainly about making virus-proof cells."
  },
  {
    "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-026-01668-5",
    "title": "How common bacteria fasten their armour",
    "type": "Research Highlight",
    "is_oa": false,
    "population": "Common bacteria with outer membrane and cell wall anchoring machinery",
    "comparator": null,
    "primary_endpoint": "Identification of molecular machinery anchoring outer membrane to cell wall",
    "effect_size": null,
    "key_claim": "An enzyme enabling microorganisms to fasten their outer membrane to the cell wall has been identified.",
    "common_misconception": "Bacterial envelope robustness is a passive material property rather than enzyme-organized architecture."
  },
  {
    "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-026-01671-w",
    "title": "Gold keeps glittering courtesy of surface chemistry",
    "type": "Research Highlight",
    "is_oa": false,
    "population": "Gold crystal surfaces",
    "comparator": "Hexagonal reconstructed surface vs reactive metal surfaces such as silver",
    "primary_endpoint": "Surface environment unfavourable to oxygen reaction",
    "effect_size": null,
    "key_claim": "Surface atom arrangements on gold help prevent oxygen from tarnishing the metal.",
    "common_misconception": "Gold does not tarnish only because of bulk chemical inertness; surface reconstruction also matters."
  },
  {
    "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-026-01670-x",
    "title": "Bespoke immune cells stave off ravages of cirrhosis",
    "type": "Research Highlight",
    "is_oa": false,
    "population": "People with cirrhosis receiving macrophage therapy",
    "comparator": null,
    "primary_endpoint": "Death and need for liver transplant; transplant-free survival",
    "effect_size": null,
    "key_claim": "Macrophage infusions were linked to reduced risk of death and liver transplantation in cirrhosis.",
    "common_misconception": "A positive cell-therapy signal in cirrhosis is already sufficient for routine clinical adoption."
  },
  {
    "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-026-01669-4",
    "title": "Surgeons in imperial China used anaesthetics — in careful doses",
    "type": "Research Highlight",
    "is_oa": false,
    "population": "Fifteenth-century surgical tools from a Ming-era tomb",
    "comparator": null,
    "primary_endpoint": "Chemical traces consistent with topical anaesthetic use",
    "effect_size": "More than 600 years ago; fifteenth-century tools",
    "key_claim": "Chemical traces on surgical instruments suggest topical medication or anaesthetic use in historical surgery.",
    "common_misconception": "Pre-modern surgery lacked pharmacological pain-control practices."
  },
  {
    "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-026-01686-3",
    "title": "Move over, AlphaFold: open-source model predicts shape of 1 billion proteins",
    "type": "News",
    "is_oa": false,
    "population": "ESM Atlas predicted protein structures and sequences",
    "comparator": "ESMFold2/ESM Atlas vs AlphaFold database and previous ESM Atlas",
    "primary_endpoint": "Scale and performance of protein-structure prediction resource",
    "effect_size": "1.1 billion predicted protein structures; 6.8 billion protein sequences",
    "key_claim": "An open-source ESMFold2-based atlas expands predicted protein structure coverage and may support discovery of new biology.",
    "common_misconception": "A larger predicted protein atlas automatically replaces experimental validation or AlphaFold resources."
  },
  {
    "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-026-01625-2",
    "title": "Robots run this laboratory in Japan — and are changing how scientists work",
    "type": "News",
    "is_oa": false,
    "population": "Robotics Innovation Center automated biology laboratory in Tokyo",
    "comparator": "Two-armed AI-enabled robots vs conventional human-run or one-armed automation workflows",
    "primary_endpoint": "Independent execution and optimization of laboratory tasks",
    "effect_size": "10 robots; AI tested 144 experimental conditions in 111 days; stem-cell cultures maintained continuously for 8 days",
    "key_claim": "AI-enabled lab robots can automate and optimize some biological experiments, but still require human setup and troubleshooting.",
    "common_misconception": "Robotic labs are already fully autonomous and can replace experimental scientists."
  },
  {
    "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-026-01651-0",
    "title": "AI cracks 80-year-old mathematics challenge — researchers are astonished",
    "type": "News",
    "is_oa": false,
    "population": "Erdős unit-distance problem and independent mathematical verifiers",
    "comparator": "AI-generated construction vs Erdős conjectured growth behaviour",
    "primary_endpoint": "Disproof of Erdős conjecture",
    "effect_size": "80-year-old geometry challenge; 125-page unreleased reasoning document described",
    "key_claim": "An OpenAI reasoning model reportedly produced an independently verified disproof of an Erdős unit-distance conjecture.",
    "common_misconception": "AI mathematical results require no transparency once external experts verify the final proof."
  },
  {
    "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-026-01645-y",
    "title": "Ebola outbreak spirals out of control: how might it have started?",
    "type": "Q&A",
    "is_oa": false,
    "population": "Communities near DRC/Uganda border with bat and wildlife exposure",
    "comparator": null,
    "primary_endpoint": "Zoonotic spillover risk factors and prevention strategies",
    "effect_size": "51 confirmed Bundibugyo infections, another 600 suspected infections and 139 suspected deaths reported in article",
    "key_claim": "Bat-human contact, bushmeat markets, porous borders and household roosting create spillover risk; community-led surveillance and safer coexistence are needed.",
    "common_misconception": "Spillover prevention can rely on telling communities simply to avoid wildlife."
  },
  {
    "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-026-01608-3",
    "title": "See the clouds streaming and vanishing around this planet — 690 light years away",
    "type": "News",
    "is_oa": false,
    "population": "Exoplanet WASP-94 A b",
    "comparator": "Start, middle and end phases of planetary transit spectrum",
    "primary_endpoint": "Transit-spectrum asymmetry indicating cloud distribution",
    "effect_size": "210 parsecs; 690 light years; dayside temperature at least 1,600 kelvin",
    "key_claim": "JWST phase-resolved transit observations reveal nightside cloud formation and dayside dissipation on WASP-94 A b.",
    "common_misconception": "A single averaged transit spectrum is sufficient to infer exoplanet atmospheric chemistry."
  },
  {
    "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-026-01644-z",
    "title": "Stress impairs your brain’s ability to link memories — dampening insight",
    "type": "News",
    "is_oa": false,
    "population": "121 participants in acute stress and memory-integration experiment",
    "comparator": "Mock job interview/complex mental maths stress vs control speech/simple mental maths",
    "primary_endpoint": "Hippocampal integration signal and inference performance",
    "effect_size": "121 participants; behavioural accuracy reportedly similar between groups",
    "key_claim": "Acute stress reduces neural evidence of memory integration even when behavioural accuracy is unchanged.",
    "common_misconception": "If task accuracy is unchanged, stress has no cognitive-neural effect."
  },
  {
    "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-026-01732-0",
    "title": "Blue Origin rocket explosion rattles NASA’s mission to put humans back on the Moon",
    "type": "News",
    "is_oa": false,
    "population": "NASA Artemis/Moon Base programme and Blue Origin/SpaceX commercial partners",
    "comparator": null,
    "primary_endpoint": "Programme delay and partner readiness risk",
    "effect_size": "Blue Origin test explosion on 28 May; $188-million NASA rover delivery contract described",
    "key_claim": "Commercial launch failures could delay NASA lunar surface and Moon base plans.",
    "common_misconception": "Artemis schedule risk depends only on NASA’s own rocket and Orion capsule."
  },
  {
    "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-026-01615-4",
    "title": "Tough peer-review process? Your paper might end up being more highly cited",
    "type": "News",
    "is_oa": false,
    "population": "Nature Communications accepted papers with public peer-review files",
    "comparator": "Stronger criticism/more extensive revisions vs lighter review",
    "primary_endpoint": "Three-year citation count",
    "effect_size": "8,000 published papers; 1,000 randomly selected per year from 2017 to 2024",
    "key_claim": "Tougher reviews and more extensive revisions were associated with higher later citations among accepted papers.",
    "common_misconception": "Harsh peer review necessarily signals a weak or low-impact paper."
  },
  {
    "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-026-01726-y",
    "title": "Will AI ruin the social sciences — or revolutionize them?",
    "type": "News Feature",
    "is_oa": false,
    "population": "Social-science surveys, manuscripts and analytical workflows affected by LLM use",
    "comparator": "AI pollution/P-hacking risks vs AI-enabled robustness checks and multiverse analysis",
    "primary_endpoint": "Research validity and robustness",
    "effect_size": "Up to 45% of some survey responses estimated as copied from LLM output; Organization Science submissions up 42% since November 2022",
    "key_claim": "LLMs can contaminate data and accelerate spurious research but may also improve robustness through scalable sensitivity analysis.",
    "common_misconception": "AI use in social science is either purely harmful or purely liberating."
  },
  {
    "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-026-01727-x",
    "title": "Can an army of babies and dogs rescue psychology from its reproducibility crisis?",
    "type": "News Feature",
    "is_oa": false,
    "population": "Big-team psychology and comparative cognition projects involving infants, dogs, birds and other species",
    "comparator": "Large multi-lab studies vs small single-lab studies",
    "primary_endpoint": "Replication and generalizability of cognitive findings",
    "effect_size": "ManyBabies4 involved 37 research groups in 18 countries and more than 1,000 babies; SCORE replicated 49% of 164 papers",
    "key_claim": "Big-team science improves power and diversity but can also reveal that influential cognitive effects are weaker than expected.",
    "common_misconception": "A failed multi-lab replication proves the original phenomenon is impossible rather than method-dependent or weaker."
  },
  {
    "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-026-01728-w",
    "title": "How long can humans live? We simply don’t know",
    "type": "Book Review",
    "is_oa": false,
    "population": "Extreme-age records, supercentenarian claims and longevity research",
    "comparator": "Paperwork-based age validation vs physics-based dating or better calibration",
    "primary_endpoint": "Reliability of maximum lifespan evidence",
    "effect_size": "Greek centenarian records described as at least 72% pension fraud in interview",
    "key_claim": "Extreme longevity claims are undermined by paperwork errors, fraud and weak validation methods.",
    "common_misconception": "Validated paperwork is a sufficient ground truth for extreme human age."
  },
  {
    "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-026-01652-z",
    "title": "Peter H. Raven obituary: visionary botanist who transformed our understanding of plant diversity",
    "type": "Obituary",
    "is_oa": false,
    "population": "Peter H. Raven and global botany/biodiversity conservation community",
    "comparator": null,
    "primary_endpoint": null,
    "effect_size": "Died aged 89; led Missouri Botanical Garden for 39 years",
    "key_claim": "Raven shaped plant evolution, biogeography, botanical institutions and biodiversity conservation.",
    "common_misconception": "Botanical gardens are mainly horticultural display spaces rather than research and conservation infrastructure."
  },
  {
    "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-026-01729-9",
    "title": "Obesity doesn’t equate to ill health: why the ‘disease’ label doesn’t always fit",
    "type": "Comment",
    "is_oa": false,
    "population": "People living with obesity; clinical and preclinical obesity framework",
    "comparator": "Uniform disease label vs clinical/preclinical distinction",
    "primary_endpoint": "Diagnostic precision, organ dysfunction and proportional treatment",
    "effect_size": "Nearly one billion people worldwide live with obesity; 56-member commission and 76 endorsing organizations described",
    "key_claim": "Obesity can be a disease but is not one in every case; diagnosis should be anchored in individual organ dysfunction and function.",
    "common_misconception": "All obesity is either always a disease or never a disease."
  },
  {
    "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-026-01775-3",
    "title": "Global plastics treaty must be built on a foundation of monitoring",
    "type": "Correspondence",
    "is_oa": false,
    "population": "United Nations plastics treaty negotiations",
    "comparator": "Non-binding monitoring provisions vs science-based monitoring framework",
    "primary_endpoint": "Treaty verifiability and enforcement capacity",
    "effect_size": null,
    "key_claim": "A plastics treaty requires binding monitoring and verification provisions.",
    "common_misconception": "A treaty roadmap is sufficient without enforceable monitoring."
  },
  {
    "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-026-01776-2",
    "title": "Power imbalances in adviser–student relationships need safeguarding",
    "type": "Correspondence",
    "is_oa": false,
    "population": "PhD students, advisers and early-career researchers",
    "comparator": null,
    "primary_endpoint": "Safeguarding of adviser-student power imbalance",
    "effect_size": null,
    "key_claim": "Principal investigator influence over junior researchers’ careers requires explicit safeguards.",
    "common_misconception": "Mentorship power imbalance can be managed only through individual goodwill."
  },
  {
    "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-026-01777-1",
    "title": "Is it time to ‘cap and trade’ credits for research-funding proposals?",
    "type": "Correspondence",
    "is_oa": false,
    "population": "Research-funding systems affected by AI-generated proposal volume",
    "comparator": "Proposal-volume governance vs only improving review process",
    "primary_endpoint": "Grant-system overload mitigation",
    "effect_size": null,
    "key_claim": "AI-amplified grant overload may require proposal caps or tradable credits.",
    "common_misconception": "Better review tools alone can solve excessive proposal volume."
  },
  {
    "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-026-01778-0",
    "title": "Natural capital accounting needs a way to assess uncertainty",
    "type": "Correspondence",
    "is_oa": false,
    "population": "Natural capital accounting and ecological-economic policy frameworks",
    "comparator": "Strict accounting identities vs uncertainty-aware ecological accounting",
    "primary_endpoint": "Assessment of uncertainty in ecological ledgers",
    "effect_size": null,
    "key_claim": "Natural capital accounting must represent uncertainty rather than impose rigid ledger identities.",
    "common_misconception": "Ecological processes can be treated like precise financial accounting entries."
  },
  {
    "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-026-01730-2",
    "title": "Science fiction: nine lab-life novels for your holiday reading",
    "type": "Career Feature",
    "is_oa": false,
    "population": "Researchers reading science-themed fiction",
    "comparator": null,
    "primary_endpoint": null,
    "effect_size": "Nine lab-life novels discussed",
    "key_claim": "Science-themed fiction can illuminate lab culture, toxic mentorship and scientific imagination.",
    "common_misconception": "Career features about fiction are irrelevant to scientific culture."
  },
  {
    "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-026-01731-1",
    "title": "‘Virtual cells’ aim to turn raw data into predictive models of biology",
    "type": "Technology Feature",
    "is_oa": false,
    "population": "Virtual-cell modelling efforts across molecular and cellular datasets",
    "comparator": "Predictive integrated models vs static molecular data repositories",
    "primary_endpoint": "Predictive modelling of cellular state and perturbation response",
    "effect_size": null,
    "key_claim": "Virtual cells could transform biomedical research but require validated, cell-type-aware models of complex cellular systems.",
    "common_misconception": "More omics data automatically yields a reliable predictive cell model."
  },
  {
    "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-026-01158-8",
    "title": "Robust projections of risks to the Amazon rainforest",
    "type": "News & Views",
    "is_oa": false,
    "population": "Amazon rainforest risk projections",
    "comparator": "Low warming with deforestation-induced drying vs warming alone",
    "primary_endpoint": "Dieback risk and atmospheric moisture transport disruption",
    "effect_size": null,
    "key_claim": "Deforestation alters moisture transport and can trigger Amazon dieback under lower warming than expected.",
    "common_misconception": "Amazon dieback risk is controlled only by global temperature."
  },
  {
    "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-026-01412-z",
    "title": "Jupiter observations reveal a simple scaling law for particle acceleration",
    "type": "News & Views",
    "is_oa": false,
    "population": "Jupiter bow shock and space-plasma particle acceleration systems",
    "comparator": null,
    "primary_endpoint": "Scaling law for maximum particle energy",
    "effect_size": null,
    "key_claim": "Jupiter observations suggest transient plasma structures can govern particle acceleration scaling.",
    "common_misconception": "Cosmic-ray acceleration limits are only theoretical and lack Solar System observational anchors."
  },
  {
    "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-026-01326-w",
    "title": "Gene-expression patterns can be used to estimate mortality risk and chronological age",
    "type": "News & Views",
    "is_oa": false,
    "population": "Rodent, monkey and human transcriptomic ageing studies",
    "comparator": null,
    "primary_endpoint": "Mortality risk and chronological age estimation from gene expression",
    "effect_size": null,
    "key_claim": "Large transcriptomic analyses reveal conserved ageing hallmarks and may speed evaluation of anti-ageing interventions.",
    "common_misconception": "An ageing biomarker is the same as a clinically validated ageing intervention endpoint."
  },
  {
    "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-026-01579-5",
    "title": "Nanostructure of tooth enamel casts light on dietary shifts as humans evolved",
    "type": "News & Views",
    "is_oa": false,
    "population": "Primate, hominin and modern human tooth enamel",
    "comparator": "Different dietary shifts and enamel nanocrystal orientation patterns",
    "primary_endpoint": "Enamel nanocrystal misorientation",
    "effect_size": null,
    "key_claim": "Enamel nanostructure records dietary shifts during human evolution.",
    "common_misconception": "Dietary adaptation in teeth is visible only at gross morphology or wear-pattern scale."
  },
  {
    "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-026-01337-7",
    "title": "Remembering inventor and activist Hertha Ayrton",
    "type": "News & Views",
    "is_oa": false,
    "population": "Hertha Ayrton historical archive",
    "comparator": null,
    "primary_endpoint": null,
    "effect_size": null,
    "key_claim": "Historical archive highlights a pioneering inventor, engineer and suffragist.",
    "common_misconception": "Historical scientific profiles are peripheral rather than part of institutional memory."
  },
  {
    "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-026-01322-0",
    "title": "Protective maternal gut instincts",
    "type": "News & Views",
    "is_oa": false,
    "population": "Maternal intestinal immunity during pregnancy and lactation",
    "comparator": null,
    "primary_endpoint": "Gut remodelling and innate defence during reproduction",
    "effect_size": null,
    "key_claim": "Pregnancy-associated gut changes can strengthen barrier defence despite systemic immune modulation.",
    "common_misconception": "Pregnancy is simply a generalized immunosuppressed state."
  },
  {
    "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-026-01415-w",
    "title": "Hard-to-detect mutations explain how common autoimmune diseases arise",
    "type": "News & Views",
    "is_oa": false,
    "population": "B cells from autoimmune thyroid disease studies",
    "comparator": null,
    "primary_endpoint": "Rare somatic mutations in immune regulatory genes",
    "effect_size": null,
    "key_claim": "Advanced sequencing reveals rare B-cell mutations supporting a somatic mutation mechanism for autoimmune disease.",
    "common_misconception": "Common autoimmune diseases cannot involve somatic mutation mechanisms."
  },
  {
    "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-10473-z",
    "title": "Relativistic electron acceleration at the bow shock of Jupiter and beyond",
    "type": "Article",
    "is_oa": true,
    "population": "Juno spacecraft observations of Jupiter bow shock and complementary Solar System observations",
    "comparator": null,
    "primary_endpoint": "Relativistic electron acceleration and Hillas-limit scaling",
    "effect_size": "Relativistic electrons ≥1 MeV; scaling ranges from MeV to about tens of GeV and tens of TeV in different environments",
    "key_claim": "Foreshock transients can accelerate electrons upstream of Jupiter bow shock and support a universal scaling law for maximum particle energy.",
    "common_misconception": "Planetary bow shocks are too small to inform cosmic-ray acceleration physics."
  },
  {
    "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-10581-w",
    "title": "Direct observation of the superallowed α-decay of 104Te",
    "type": "Article",
    "is_oa": false,
    "population": "Tellurium-104 nuclear decay",
    "comparator": "Other α-emitting nuclei",
    "primary_endpoint": "α-particle preformation and half-life",
    "effect_size": "Half-life 7.2 ns with -1.5/+2.3 ns uncertainty",
    "key_claim": "104Te shows the most extreme α-particle preformation and is the fastest known ground-state α-emitting nucleus.",
    "common_misconception": "α-decay rates are governed only by barrier penetrability, not nuclear clustering structure."
  },
  {
    "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-10517-4",
    "title": "High-pulse-energy integrated mode-locked laser using a Mamyshev oscillator",
    "type": "Article",
    "is_oa": false,
    "population": "Erbium-ion-implanted silicon nitride photonic integrated circuits",
    "comparator": "Previous PIC-based mode-locked laser sources",
    "primary_endpoint": "Pulse energy, coherence and supercontinuum generation",
    "effect_size": "176-MHz pulse train; nanojoule pulse energy; 147 fs compressed pulses; 1.5-octave supercontinuum; 5 THz bandwidth; 90-dB dynamic range",
    "key_claim": "A PIC-based Mamyshev oscillator can reach fibre-laser-comparable pulse energy and drive portable spectroscopy applications.",
    "common_misconception": "Integrated lasers must trade compactness for insufficient pulse energy."
  },
  {
    "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-10595-4",
    "title": "Metamaterial-enhanced near-field radiative heat transfer",
    "type": "Article",
    "is_oa": false,
    "population": "Gold split-ring resonators on silicon nitride membranes",
    "comparator": "Unstructured gold plates and bare SiN membranes",
    "primary_endpoint": "Near-field radiative heat-transfer enhancement",
    "effect_size": "Several-fold enhancement reported",
    "key_claim": "Metamaterials can experimentally enhance near-field radiative heat transfer through resonant modes coupled with surface phonon polaritons.",
    "common_misconception": "Metamaterial control of near-field heat transfer is only theoretical."
  },
  {
    "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-10587-4",
    "title": "Continuously graded-doped SnO2 for efficient n–i–p perovskite solar cells",
    "type": "Article",
    "is_oa": false,
    "population": "n-i-p perovskite solar cells using graded-doped SnO2 electron transport layers",
    "comparator": "Conventional ETL/perovskite interface with band misalignment and electron accumulation",
    "primary_endpoint": "Power conversion efficiency and recombination suppression",
    "effect_size": "Certified steady-state PCE 27.17%; 25.79% for 1 cm2 device; 23.33% for 16.02 cm2 aperture module",
    "key_claim": "Continuously graded n+/n-doped SnO2 suppresses buried-interface recombination and improves n-i-p perovskite solar-cell efficiency.",
    "common_misconception": "Perovskite efficiency limits are only absorber-layer problems rather than interface energy-band problems."
  },
  {
    "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-10583-8",
    "title": "Enamel nanocrystal misorientation increased with meat-eating and agriculture",
    "type": "Article",
    "is_oa": true,
    "population": "12 primate teeth across 9 species and 17.8 million years of evolution",
    "comparator": "Dietary shifts to meat-eating, agriculture and Industrial Revolution diets",
    "primary_endpoint": "Enamel nanocrystal misorientation angle",
    "effect_size": "12 primate teeth; 9 species; 17.8 million years; meat-eating about 2.0–1.5 million years before present; agriculture about 12,000 years before present",
    "key_claim": "Enamel nanocrystal misorientation increased with harder foods and major human dietary shifts.",
    "common_misconception": "Dietary adaptation in enamel can be inferred only from macroscopic tooth shape."
  },
  {
    "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-10557-w",
    "title": "Mechanophore cross-linking enhances ballistic energy dissipation of polymers",
    "type": "Article",
    "is_oa": false,
    "population": "Mechanophore-cross-linked polymer networks",
    "comparator": "Conventional thermosets and uncross-linked thermoplastics",
    "primary_endpoint": "Ballistic energy dissipation under high-rate deformation",
    "effect_size": "Strain rates exceeding 10^7 s−1; up to about 115% more energy absorbed than conventional thermosets",
    "key_claim": "Mechanophore cross-linking can improve ballistic energy dissipation by enabling local thermoset-to-thermoplastic transition under impact.",
    "common_misconception": "Cross-linking always improves stability at the cost of impact toughness."
  },
  {
    "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-10486-8",
    "title": "Ambiphilic cross-coupling with aryl-bismuth reagents",
    "type": "Article",
    "is_oa": true,
    "population": "Aryl-bismuth reagents in transition-metal-catalysed cross-couplings",
    "comparator": "Canonical aryl nucleophile/electrophile partner distinction",
    "primary_endpoint": "Ambiphilic oxidative addition and transmetalation reactivity",
    "effect_size": null,
    "key_claim": "A single aryl-bismuth reagent can behave as nucleophile or electrophile in cross-coupling.",
    "common_misconception": "Bond polarity rigidly determines whether a cross-coupling partner is nucleophilic or electrophilic."
  },
  {
    "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-10544-1",
    "title": "Enhanced response of extreme compound events to cumulative CO2 emissions",
    "type": "Article",
    "is_oa": false,
    "population": "Compound climate events including hot-wet and drought-heat extremes",
    "comparator": "Observed-constrained TCoRE vs multi-model average",
    "primary_endpoint": "Change in compound-event frequency per cumulative CO2 emissions",
    "effect_size": "Observed-constrained TCoRE 37–75% higher than multi-model average; uncertainty reduced by 37–56%",
    "key_claim": "Rare severe compound extremes escalate disproportionately with cumulative CO2 emissions, implying lower allowable emissions for temperature targets.",
    "common_misconception": "Compound extremes scale linearly and are adequately captured by mean-temperature metrics alone."
  },
  {
    "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-10571-y",
    "title": "Forest carbon protocols underestimate climate-driven carbon loss risks",
    "type": "Article",
    "is_oa": false,
    "population": "Contiguous United States forest carbon-crediting programmes",
    "comparator": "Current buffer pools vs climate-driven disturbance risk estimates",
    "primary_endpoint": "100-year risk of forest carbon loss from natural disturbance",
    "effect_size": "Largest CONUS forest climate mitigation programme buffer pool likely too small by average factor 6.3; range 2.2- to 8.0-fold",
    "key_claim": "Forest carbon protocols under-account for climate-driven reversal risk and need revised buffer-pool methods.",
    "common_misconception": "Forest carbon credits are secure if present-day project accounting balances."
  },
  {
    "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-10456-0",
    "title": "Deforestation-induced drying lowers Amazon climate threshold",
    "type": "Article",
    "is_oa": true,
    "population": "Amazon forest system under warming and deforestation scenarios",
    "comparator": "Warming-only threshold vs warming plus deforestation",
    "primary_endpoint": "Forest stability and transition to degraded ecosystems",
    "effect_size": "Warming-only threshold 3.7–4.0 °C; with deforestation, 1.5–1.9 °C plus 22–28% deforestation risks 62–77% area transition",
    "key_claim": "Deforestation-induced drying substantially lowers Amazon transition thresholds and can drive cascading degradation.",
    "common_misconception": "Amazon transition risk can be estimated without land-use change."
  },
  {
    "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-10315-y",
    "title": "The 1000 Chinese Pangenome empowers medical and population genetics",
    "type": "Article",
    "is_oa": true,
    "population": "1,116 diploid genome assemblies in the 1000 Chinese Pangenome project",
    "comparator": "GRCh38 and CHM13 current references",
    "primary_endpoint": "Non-reference sequences, structural variation and pan-variant imputation",
    "effect_size": "1,116 assemblies; average 2.98 Gb; mean quality value 46; 405.3 million bp absent from references; 35.4 million small variants; 110,530 SVs",
    "key_claim": "1KCP improves resolution of complex variants and functional genetics for medical and population genetics.",
    "common_misconception": "A single linear human reference is adequate for population-scale medical genetics."
  },
  {
    "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-10493-9",
    "title": "Polyclonal selection of immune checkpoint mutations in thyroid autoimmunity",
    "type": "Article",
    "is_oa": true,
    "population": "B cells in autoimmune thyroid disease biopsies",
    "comparator": null,
    "primary_endpoint": "Somatic loss-of-function mutations in immune checkpoint genes",
    "effect_size": "Tens to hundreds of independent immune checkpoint mutant clones in highly inflamed biopsies; typical clone less than 1% of cells",
    "key_claim": "Self-reactive B cells can acquire immune-checkpoint driver mutations through polyclonal somatic evolution.",
    "common_misconception": "Common autoimmune disease cannot be driven by tissue-local somatic mutations."
  },
  {
    "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-10296-y",
    "title": "Deconstruction of a spino-brain–spinal cord circuit that drives chronic pain",
    "type": "Article",
    "is_oa": true,
    "population": "Mouse models of inflammatory and neuropathic pain",
    "comparator": "Healthy nociception vs chronic mechanical hypersensitization state",
    "primary_endpoint": "Mechanical hypersensitization and nociceptive response thresholds",
    "effect_size": null,
    "key_claim": "A multisynaptic spino-brain-spinal cord loop specifically drives chronic mechanical pain in mouse models.",
    "common_misconception": "Chronic pain is just amplified acute nociception."
  },
  {
    "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-10297-x",
    "title": "Neural representation of action symbols in primate frontal cortex",
    "type": "Article",
    "is_oa": true,
    "population": "Macaque monkeys performing drawing-like tasks",
    "comparator": "Neural activity across motor, premotor and prefrontal cortex regions",
    "primary_endpoint": "Invariant, categorical and recombinable action-symbol representation",
    "effect_size": "Simultaneous recordings across eight regions",
    "key_claim": "Ventral premotor cortex contains neural population activity encoding recombinable action symbols.",
    "common_misconception": "Symbolic representation is only a cognitive-level abstraction without identifiable neural substrate."
  },
  {
    "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-10301-4",
    "title": "Dopaminergic mechanisms of dynamical social specialization",
    "type": "Article",
    "is_oa": true,
    "population": "Triads of isogenic mice in semi-natural foraging task",
    "comparator": "Male triads vs female triads; dopaminergic manipulations",
    "primary_endpoint": "Social role specialization and division of labour",
    "effect_size": null,
    "key_claim": "VTA dopaminergic activity shapes spontaneous and plastic social specialization in mouse groups.",
    "common_misconception": "Division of labour in animal groups requires fixed innate castes or large genetic differences."
  },
  {
    "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-10542-3",
    "title": "Universal transcriptomic hallmarks of mammalian ageing and mortality",
    "type": "Article",
    "is_oa": true,
    "population": "Mouse, rat, macaque and human transcriptomes across tissues",
    "comparator": "Ageing, mortality-associated states, interventions and rejuvenation contexts",
    "primary_endpoint": "Transcriptomic biomarkers of chronological age and expected mortality",
    "effect_size": "More than 11,000 transcriptomes; more than 25 tissues; 4 mammals",
    "key_claim": "Mammalian ageing and mortality show conserved transcriptomic signatures and modular hallmarks across species and tissues.",
    "common_misconception": "A single biological-age clock captures all clinically relevant ageing biology."
  },
  {
    "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-10417-7",
    "title": "Cytoplasmic competition between separate parental pronuclei in zygotes",
    "type": "Article",
    "is_oa": true,
    "population": "Mouse zygotes and one-pronuclear biparental zygote models",
    "comparator": "Separate parental pronuclei vs one-pronuclear biparental zygotes",
    "primary_endpoint": "Developmental potential and epigenetic mark regulation",
    "effect_size": null,
    "key_claim": "Cytoplasmic competition between separate pronuclei limits pronuclear volume, preserves epigenetic marks and supports developmental potential.",
    "common_misconception": "Pronuclear separation is merely incidental packaging of parental chromosomes."
  },
  {
    "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-10396-9",
    "title": "Glycerol-driven TNAP activation in thermogenesis and mineralization",
    "type": "Article",
    "is_oa": false,
    "population": "TNAP thermogenesis and osteoblast mineralization systems; human missense variants",
    "comparator": "Functional glycerol pocket vs variants/disruption",
    "primary_endpoint": "TNAP activity, thermogenesis and mineralization",
    "effect_size": null,
    "key_claim": "Glycerol allosterically activates TNAP through a surface pocket required for thermogenesis and mineralization.",
    "common_misconception": "TNAP activity is regulated only through substrate availability or expression level."
  },
  {
    "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-10531-6",
    "title": "Eosinophils drive intestinal remodelling and innate defence in reproduction",
    "type": "Article",
    "is_oa": true,
    "population": "Maternal small intestine during pregnancy and lactation; mouse models and organoids",
    "comparator": "Pregnancy/lactation state vs baseline; eosinophil perturbation contexts",
    "primary_endpoint": "Goblet cell differentiation, mucus production and enteric bacterial defence",
    "effect_size": null,
    "key_claim": "Eosinophils remodel maternal intestinal barrier during reproduction to strengthen innate defence.",
    "common_misconception": "Eosinophils are relevant mainly to allergy and helminth infection."
  },
  {
    "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-10337-6",
    "title": "DNA damage drives antigen diversification in Trypanosoma brucei",
    "type": "Article",
    "is_oa": true,
    "population": "Trypanosoma brucei VSG diversification system",
    "comparator": "Cas9-induced VSG double-strand break vs infection-like VSG diversification patterns",
    "primary_endpoint": "RAD51/BRCA2-dependent VSG recombination and antigenic distinctness",
    "effect_size": null,
    "key_claim": "DNA damage can drive VSG recombination and antigen diversification that supports immune evasion.",
    "common_misconception": "Antigenic variation only switches among pre-existing antigen genes without generating new diversity."
  },
  {
    "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-10344-7",
    "title": "Emergence of oncofetal plasticity is ubiquitous in early colorectal cancers",
    "type": "Article",
    "is_oa": true,
    "population": "Early colorectal cancers, multiregional organoid models and tumour microenvironment atlases",
    "comparator": "Early non-metastatic cancers vs metastatic-competence-associated states",
    "primary_endpoint": "Oncofetal cell-state emergence and invasive-front localization",
    "effect_size": null,
    "key_claim": "Oncofetal plasticity emerges early and ubiquitously at invasive fronts, induced by trophocyte-like cancer-associated fibroblasts.",
    "common_misconception": "Metastatic competence arises only as a late-stage tumour-cell-intrinsic genetic event."
  },
  {
    "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-10398-7",
    "title": "Myosin forces remodel F-actin for mechanosensitive protein recognition",
    "type": "Article",
    "is_oa": true,
    "population": "F-actin at cytoskeleton-adhesion interfaces and reconstituted myosin-force systems",
    "comparator": "F-actin with vs without myosin-generated force",
    "primary_endpoint": "F-actin structural remodelling and α-catenin recognition",
    "effect_size": null,
    "key_claim": "Myosin-generated force remodels F-actin into curved/supercoiled structures that alter mechanosensitive protein binding.",
    "common_misconception": "Actin filaments are passive tracks for motor proteins rather than force-remodelled signalling structures."
  },
  {
    "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-10368-z",
    "title": "Template-driven scaffolding of SCFFBXO42 regulates PP2A degradation",
    "type": "Article",
    "is_oa": true,
    "population": "Cancer-cell PP2A degradation machinery involving SCFFBXO42 and CCDC6",
    "comparator": "Holoenzyme-free PP2Ac vs assembled PP2A holoenzyme context",
    "primary_endpoint": "PP2Ac degradation and cancer cell fitness",
    "effect_size": null,
    "key_claim": "SCFFBXO42 uses CCDC6 template-driven scaffolding to degrade holoenzyme-free PP2Ac and maintain cancer cell fitness.",
    "common_misconception": "PP2A regulation is mainly determined by holoenzyme substrate specificity, not degradation of free catalytic subunits."
  },
  {
    "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-10367-0",
    "title": "Mapping convergent regulators of melanoma drug resistance by PerturbFate",
    "type": "Article",
    "is_oa": true,
    "population": "Cultured melanoma cells with vemurafenib resistance-associated perturbations",
    "comparator": "Diverse CRISPRi perturbations across more than 140 resistance-associated genes",
    "primary_endpoint": "Multimodal phenotypic and gene-regulatory responses; dedifferentiated resistant state",
    "effect_size": "More than 300,000 cultured melanoma cells profiled; more than 140 resistance-associated genes",
    "key_claim": "PerturbFate identifies convergent transcriptional and phenotypic regulators of melanoma drug resistance.",
    "common_misconception": "Drug resistance mechanisms are too genetically diverse to converge on shared cell states."
  },
  {
    "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-10395-w",
    "title": "Quadruple pegRNA enables programmable and efficient large genomic insertion",
    "type": "Article",
    "is_oa": false,
    "population": "Genome editing systems for large DNA insertion in dividing and non-dividing primary cells",
    "comparator": "QuadPE vs PASSIGE, PASTE and CAST insertion systems",
    "primary_endpoint": "Stable integration efficiency and off-target insertion activity",
    "effect_size": "1.6–26 kb fragments; around 40% efficiency at multiple loci; for 9.5 kb insertion, 11-fold, 61-fold and 12-fold improvement vs PASSIGE, PASTE and CAST",
    "key_claim": "Quadruple pegRNA prime-editing architecture enables efficient programmable large genomic insertion.",
    "common_misconception": "Large precise gene insertion is solved once prime editing works for small edits."
  },
  {
    "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-10562-z",
    "title": "The size of tropical vegetation gross primary production",
    "type": "Matters Arising",
    "is_oa": false,
    "population": "Tropical vegetation gross primary production estimates",
    "comparator": "Satellite-based optical consensus vs Lai et al. higher modelling estimate",
    "primary_endpoint": "Global contemporary GPP and tropical GPP size",
    "effect_size": "Satellite-based optical consensus cited as 120–140 PgC yr−1",
    "key_claim": "The article challenges a higher tropical GPP estimate and argues for consistency with satellite-based optical observations.",
    "common_misconception": "A higher modelled GPP estimate should be accepted without reconciling satellite-observation constraints."
  },
  {
    "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-10561-0",
    "title": "Reply to: The size of tropical vegetation gross primary production",
    "type": "Matters Arising",
    "is_oa": false,
    "population": "Reply regarding tropical vegetation GPP estimates",
    "comparator": "Original Article conclusions vs Tian et al. critique",
    "primary_endpoint": "Robustness of original GPP conclusions",
    "effect_size": null,
    "key_claim": "The reply states that concerns about overestimated tropical GPP do not overturn the original Article conclusions.",
    "common_misconception": "A Matters Arising critique automatically invalidates the original paper."
  },
  {
    "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-10573-w",
    "title": "Author Correction: The AIM2 inflammasome exacerbates atherosclerosis in clonal haematopoiesis",
    "type": "Author Correction",
    "is_oa": false,
    "population": "Corrected Extended Data Fig. 10l in AIM2 inflammasome and atherosclerosis article",
    "comparator": "Duplicated image vs correct original H&E stain context",
    "primary_endpoint": "Figure assembly accuracy",
    "effect_size": null,
    "key_claim": "A duplicated image in Extended Data Fig. 10l is disclosed with context on the correct original image.",
    "common_misconception": "Every figure correction necessarily changes the biological conclusion."
  },
  {
    "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-10620-6",
    "title": "Author Correction: Postprandial lipid metabolism durably enhances T cell immunity",
    "type": "Author Correction",
    "is_oa": true,
    "population": "Corrected Fig. 3h and author information in postprandial lipid metabolism/T cell immunity article",
    "comparator": "Interchanged lipid/protein labels vs corrected labels",
    "primary_endpoint": "Figure label and metadata accuracy",
    "effect_size": null,
    "key_claim": "Figure labels and author affiliation/acknowledgement information were corrected.",
    "common_misconception": "A label correction in one figure panel necessarily reverses the immunology claim."
  },
  {
    "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-10659-5",
    "title": "Author Correction: Inactivating SnRK1β1A promotes broad-spectrum disease resistance in rice",
    "type": "Author Correction",
    "is_oa": false,
    "population": "Corrected Extended Data Fig. 7l in rice disease-resistance article",
    "comparator": "Incorrect left panel vs amended HTML/PDF and supplementary comparison",
    "primary_endpoint": "Figure preparation accuracy",
    "effect_size": null,
    "key_claim": "An incorrect Extended Data Fig. 7l panel was amended and original figure provided for comparison.",
    "common_misconception": "Plant-disease-resistance conclusions should be read from uncorrected figure panels."
  },
  {
    "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-10619-z",
    "title": "Publisher Correction: GLP-1R–GIPR–PPARα/γ/δ quintuple agonism corrects obesity and diabetes in mice",
    "type": "Publisher Correction",
    "is_oa": true,
    "population": "Corrected Fig. 4d colour key in mouse obesity and diabetes agonism article",
    "comparator": "Incorrect GLP-1 and GLP-1-GIP-Lani labels vs corrected labels",
    "primary_endpoint": "Figure key accuracy",
    "effect_size": null,
    "key_claim": "Fig. 4d colour key labels were corrected for GLP-1-GIP-Lani and GLP-1-Lani groups.",
    "common_misconception": "Complex agonist study arms can be interpreted safely without checking corrected legends."
  },
  {
    "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-10649-7",
    "title": "Publisher Correction: Microbiota-induced T cell plasticity enables immune-mediated tumour control",
    "type": "Publisher Correction",
    "is_oa": true,
    "population": "Corrected figure timeline and axis label in microbiota-induced T cell plasticity article",
    "comparator": "Typographical errors vs amended figure text",
    "primary_endpoint": "Figure label and timeline accuracy",
    "effect_size": null,
    "key_claim": "Typographical errors in Fig. 2a α-PD-1 injection timeline and Fig. 2c axis label were corrected.",
    "common_misconception": "Small figure-label corrections can be ignored when reconstructing experimental timelines."
  }
]