BMJ 2026-05-02|本週新刊導讀
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給專業人員 期刊摘要
最後審閱 2026-05-10 18 分鐘
本期共 53 篇,其中 3 篇 OA。
本期主軸
本期的核心不是單一疾病,而是「醫療決策的可問責性」:從 Alzheimer’s disease 藥物是否被 biomarker 與 surrogate outcome 帶偏、醫師是否能公開表達對國家領導人腦健康的「臨床知情憂慮」,到 UK Biobank 資料外洩、NHS workforce 以非醫師補醫師 rota、Hospital at Home 是否把照護責任推回家中。臨床研究面則有三篇重點:孕期 benzodiazepine/Z-hypnotic 暴露的子代精神疾病風險、早年家庭環境與三代心理社會結局、兒童 ASD 的 accelerated continuous theta burst stimulation RCT。新聞版面也把 rota gap、UK Biobank leak、NHS private surge、poor housing and health 放在同一個醫療體系治理脈絡下。
必讀導讀
1. Benzodiazepine or Z-hypnotic use during pregnancy and risk of psychiatric disorders in children — observational, OA
這篇南韓全國性 population based cohort 研究納入 3 809 949 名 liveborn children,其中 94 482 名(2.5%)於孕期暴露於 benzodiazepine 或 Z-hypnotic。主要訊息是:一般比較中看似有較高精神疾病風險,但經 propensity score overlap weighting、past-user comparator 與 sibling controlled analysis 後,整體關聯消失;sibling controlled HR 為 0.99(95% CI 0.94 to 1.04),個別精神疾病也未見明顯增加。臨床上這是「相對安心」而非「完全無風險」:第二半孕期暴露、早晚孕期皆暴露、以及 Z-hypnotic ≥30 天的點估計仍偏高,但 CI 寬且跨過 null。解讀時應避免把觀察性資料講成安全性的最後定論;較合理的做法是把它放入 shared risk-benefit discussion,尤其針對嚴重 anxiety、insomnia、停藥風險與非藥物治療可行性。
2. Home environment conditions during childhood and psychosocial outcomes across three generations in Sweden — observational, OA
這篇瑞典 register-based adoption-discordant sibling comparison study 以「同一高風險家庭內,有些孩子早期被收養、有些未被收養」作為 quasi-experimental 設計,分析 4254 對 full siblings 與 7796 對 maternal half siblings,並追蹤下一代。被收養者較未被收養的手足,有較低 psychiatric disorders(29.8% v 36.1%)、criminal convictions(26.1% v 34.0%)、social welfare receipt(37.8% v 48.5%),也有較高 intelligence 與 non-cognitive skills,且較可能上大學(26.0% v 15.2%)。下一代也出現較弱、較不精確但方向相近的優勢。這不是隨機分派,不能簡化成「收養造成改善」,但其設計強化了早年照護環境可緩衝 intergenerational disadvantage 的論點;對兒科、精神醫學與公共衛生來說,早期家庭支持、托育、保護性安置與社會政策都應被視為健康介入。
3. Accelerated continuous theta burst stimulation targeting left primary motor cortex for children with autism spectrum disorder — RCT, OA
這是 200 名 4-10 歲 ASD 兒童、FSIQ ≥50、三中心 multicentre randomised sham controlled trial。介入為 5 天 a-cTBS protocol,每天 10 sessions,target left primary motor cortex;198 名進入 modified intention-to-treat analysis。相較 sham,a-cTBS 在 SRS-2 social communication impairment 分數於 intervention 後改善 −6.25(95% CI −8.69 to −3.81;Cohen’s d −0.92;P<0.001),一個月追蹤仍改善 −6.17(−8.65 to −3.70;d −0.90;P<0.001)。不良事件皆為 mild to moderate,且無需介入即緩解。重點是這是短期療效與安全性的正向 RCT,不是長期神經發展結局的定論;若要進入常規治療,仍需外部複製、較長追蹤、功能性 outcome、家庭負擔、cost-effectiveness 與 subgroup response 的資料。
4. Alzheimer’s drugs targeting amyloid do not produce clinically meaningful effects, concludes Cochrane review — news, 付費
這則新聞整理 Cochrane review 對 amyloid β targeting monoclonal antibodies 的結論:17 個 RCT、20 342 名 mild cognitive impairment 或 mild dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease 受試者、7 種 monoclonal antibodies。整體上,藥物能移除 amyloid,但對 cognition 與 dementia severity 的效果被評為 trivial,functional ability 則 small at best;ADAS-Cog 的證據來自 13 項研究、9895 人,屬 moderate certainty。安全性上,brain swelling 約 119/1000,placebo 約 12/1000;microbleeds 亦略增。臨床重點是:不要把 biomarker clearance 自動翻譯為病人有感的功能改善;但也要注意專家對「把七種藥合併分析」的異質性批評,尤其 donanemab 與 lecanemab 的適用性仍需個別看待。
5. Advances in the drug treatment of Alzheimer’s disease: pathophysiology and mechanisms of action — review, 付費
這篇 state-of-the-art review 把 Alzheimer’s disease 從「單一 amyloid cascade」拉回 multifactorial disease:Aβ、tau、glucose metabolism、neuroinflammation、mitochondrial dysfunction、insulin resistance、synaptic loss 與 progressive brain atrophy 都在疾病進程中扮演角色。文章肯定 anti-Aβ therapies 已成為 disease modifying options,但同時強調 ARIA、reimbursement、適用族群與 Aβ clearance 後仍持續 cognitive decline 的問題。臨床導向最實用的部分是 biomarkers、diagnosis/staging、anti-Aβ treatment pathway 與 emerging treatments 的整合:未來治療很可能不會是一種藥,而是依病程與 phenotype 組合 anti-tau、anti-inflammatory、metabolic、neuromodulation 與 non-drug strategies。對一般臨床醫師而言,這篇可作為理解新藥宣稱、病人期待與轉介條件的背景讀物。
6. UK Biobank leak: Health details of 500 000 people are offered for sale on Chinese website — news, 付費
這則報導的臨床研究意義大於資安新聞本身。UK Biobank 50 萬名參與者的健康細節被發現於 Alibaba 平台出售,內容包含性別、年齡、出生年月、socioeconomic status、lifestyle habits、mental health、self-reported medical history、cognitive function、physical measures,並包括 haematology、biochemistry、metabolomic、proteomic samples 與 ICD-coded outcomes,如 cancer diagnosis dates。雖然平台稱無銷售且資料已下架,UK Biobank 也暫停資料存取並升級控制,但批評者指出 de-identified data 仍可能可識別。這提醒臨床研究者:大型健康資料平台不能只靠 consent 與 de-identification;trusted research environment、output checking、airlock、audit trail 與可問責治理才是維持公共信任的核心。
7. Hospital at Home has expanded rapidly on the assumption it’s what patients want—but what do they really think? — feature, 付費
這篇 service innovation feature 將 Hospital at Home(H@H)從政策口號拉回病人與照顧者現場。文中定義 H@H 為在家提供 hospital-level treatment,包含面訪、remote monitoring、blood tests、ECG、IV antibiotics、oxygen、fluids 等;英格蘭 42 個 integrated care boards 皆已推出某種 H@H 或 virtual ward。正面資料包括某評估中 95.8% 曾同時經驗 inpatient 與 H@H 的病人偏好 H@H,以及 Evelina London 兒童 H@H 讓 4427 名兒童提早返家或避免住院、釋放 11 000 bed days。但病人與 GP 也反覆指出 accountability gap、digital divide、discharge cliff edge 與 unpaid carer burden。臨床上,適合 H@H 的病人不只取決於診斷,也取決於家中空間、網路、照顧者能力、藥物配送與惡化時的明確 escalation pathway。
8. Should doctors speak of their concerns about the mental health of a president? — opinion, 付費
這篇 opinion 的價值不在於診斷某位政治人物,而在於把 Goldwater rule、public safety、confidentiality 與 professional responsibility 的邊界講清楚。作者明確反對依 media clips 診斷 bvFTD 或任何 defined cognitive condition,並指出 formal neuropsychological profile 需 detailed cognitive instrument,例如 Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination,且應搭配更完整 neuropsychological evaluation 與三維 T1-weighted MRI。文章提出關鍵區分:「clinical commentary」與「clinically informed concerns」不同;前者是未親自評估卻下診斷,後者則可指出公共安全風險與需要 impartial assessment。對臨床人員來說,這是一篇關於專業發言倫理、認知評估標準與公共利益衝突的高價值討論。
指南/綜論/方法學(表格)
研究、綜論、教育與臨床實務
| 文章 | 類型 | 導讀重點 |
|---|---|---|
| Sedatives in pregnancy and psychiatric outcomes in offspring | editorial | 搭配孕期 sedatives 研究,提醒「子代精神結局」較安心,但決策仍需納入孕婦症狀、停藥風險、perinatal safety 與非藥物治療。 |
| Lasting consequences of early environments on health | editorial | 連結瑞典收養研究,強調早年環境改善可能有長期且跨代健康效益,但仍需辨識 heterogeneity 與政策機制。 |
| Helen Salisbury: AI medical chatbots—more hype than help | commentary | AI 在考題上表現亮眼,但面對真實病人互動時診斷僅 35%、處置建議 43% 正確;重點是 risk/acuity 判斷。 |
| John Launer: Doctors shouldn’t control the narrative | commentary | 從公關與醫療溝通對比,提醒醫師不能以「控制敘事」取代傾聽;困難對話的核心是透明與回應病人問題。 |
| Make compassion visible in emergency medicine again | commentary | 急診長期 corridor care 造成 compassion blindness 與 moral injury;重點不是責怪個人,而是讓不可接受的照護環境重新可見。 |
| Ambient scribes fall short … and other research | research digest | 摘述 iliac vein stenting、legacy PPI deprescribing、兒童橈骨骨折、semaglutide 失敗與 ambient scribes 品質不足。 |
| Nausea and jaundice in a patient with burns | case | 僅依可見案例描述:G6PD deficiency、燒傷與 silver sulfadiazine 後黃疸,提示用藥後溶血與肝膽鑑別需快速辨識。 |
| Preventing cognitive decline … and other stories | research digest | 僅依可見內容:Minerva 摘述 dopamine 不只是 pleasure signal,也涉及 novelty、movement、threat、learning 與 prediction。 |
| Innovation in Alzheimer’s disease needs more than pharmaceutical solutions | editorial | 反對把 Alzheimer’s disease 簡化為單一蛋白 cascade;主張 population approaches、風險降低與避免過度診斷同樣重要。 |
| Identifying and evaluating adolescent idiopathic scoliosis | practice points | AIS 常無症狀,需靠 trunk exam 與必要時 spine x ray;中度曲線早期辨識可用 brace 降低青春期惡化至手術門檻。 |
| Beyond skin: living with a visible condition | patient narrative | Vitiligo 病人敘事提醒:可見皮膚病的心理負擔需被主動詢問;同理、同儕支持與正向角色模型可改變病程經驗。 |
新聞、醫療體系、公共衛生與職涯
| 文章 | 類型 | 導讀重點 |
|---|---|---|
| Diagnosing President Trump and treating Alzheimer’s: the complexities of brain health | editorial | 以總統腦健康與 Alzheimer’s therapeutics 串起全期主題:遠距診斷需克制,surrogate outcomes 也需用臨床效益檢驗。 |
| Non-doctors are filling medical rota gaps in NHS hospitals, audit finds | news | 104 個提供資料的 NHS 組織中,41 個允許 APs 補 doctors’ rota gaps;核心風險是 substitution 與 accountability。 |
| Medical news in brief: One in three doctors consider quitting, assisted dying bill falls, action needed to retain anaesthetists, and other stories | news | 匯整醫師壓力、anaesthetists burnout、lenacapavir access、SAS doctors 調查與 assisted dying bill; workforce strain 是共通背景。 |
| Tobacco and Vapes Bill: UK ban on smoking by anyone born after 2008 is passed | news | UK 將逐年提高 tobacco 購買年齡,建立 smoke-free generation;vapes 管制需同時平衡青少年保護與戒菸輔助。 |
| Toilet deserts in England: Just a wee problem? | news | 公共廁所十年減少 14%,英格蘭每座廁所服務 15 481 人;對長者、失禁與慢病者是實質健康可近性議題。 |
| Advice and guidance: NHS backpedals on controversial scheme to cut GP referrals by 25% | news | NHS England 澄清不設全國 25% referral reduction target,且 specialist advice 應由 named consultant 回應並保留轉診門檻。 |
| Private care soars at some hospital trusts despite huge NHS backlogs | news analysis | GOSH private activity 五年增 113%、NHS case volume 增 11%;重點是 private income 是否占用 NHS 稀缺產能。 |
| NHS workers join cast of musical about AMR | humanities | AMR musical《Lifeline》以 Fleming 與 drug-resistant infection 為雙線,60 名 NHS workers 合唱,是風險溝通與藝術介入。 |
| What the UK nature security assessment means for global public health | editorial | 將 biodiversity loss 視為 national security 與 planetary health 問題;呼籲 health curricula、One Health 與 biodiversity plans 整合。 |
| Attrition in NHS dentistry threatens patient care | editorial | NHS dentistry access 惡化,僅 14% dentists exclusively work in NHS;contract reform、skill mix 與留才比單純增訓更關鍵。 |
| Donald Trump’s mental health: are health professionals’ media speculations ethical or dangerous? | feature | 回顧 Goldwater rule、媒體訪談與 duty to warn 爭議;最有用的是區分公共風險評論與未評估即診斷。 |
| Will England’s poor housing stock derail the “hospital to home” shift? | news analysis | Damp、cold、inaccessible housing 會削弱 hospital-to-home;housing-related delayed discharge 與家中設備限制是臨床安全問題。 |
| SpoGomi: The UK doctor dominating the Japanese sport of competitive litter picking | profile | ICU 醫師 Sarah Parry 從 SpoGomi 學到 closed loop communication 與壓力下領導,也呈現 environmental health 的生活化實踐。 |
| My colleague doesn’t take initiative, what can I do? | Q&A | 將「不主動」重新理解為心理安全、burnout 或界線問題;先支持性溝通,若影響病安再 blameless escalation。 |
評論、通訊與分析
| 文章 | 類型 | 導讀重點 |
|---|---|---|
| Scarlett McNally: A bureaucratic “advice and guidance” service wouldn’t have fixed the outpatient waiting list | commentary | 指出把轉診全面改成 advice and guidance 會增加 GP 時間成本、IT 負擔與責任不清,不能取代專科評估。 |
| England left behind on effective alcohol policy | letter | 支持 minimum unit pricing 作為針對 cheap high-strength alcohol 的政策;英格蘭若不跟進,健康不平等可能擴大。 |
| Prevention and inequalities will determine success of England’s cancer plan | letter | 癌症計畫若只談 survival 而未實質處理 prevention、deprivation、late diagnosis 與地域差異,成效會受限。 |
| Widening the lens: genetic testing barriers risk compounding prostate cancer inequalities | letter | 以 BRCA1/BRCA2 targeted screening 為例,提醒 genetic testing barriers 可能讓 black men prostate cancer inequity 更複雜。 |
| Is banning social media the right response to the adolescent mental health crisis? | letter | 對 under-16 social media ban 採保留態度;承認 online harm,但主張不能以 blanket ban 取代 literacy、design 與支持。 |
| Vascular pathways in post-acute infectious disease | letter | 將 covid-19 的 vascular framing 推廣到 post-acute infectious sequelae;endothelial dysfunction 可能是跨病原共同路徑。 |
| Non-violent civil disobedience in the climate emergency | letter | 主張 climate emergency 下非暴力 civil disobedience 有公共衛生倫理基礎;挑戰醫療專業與政治行動的邊界。 |
| Evaluating the environmental impact of AI in healthcare is essential for planetary health | letter | AI governance 不能只看 clinical performance,也要評估 energy use、carbon footprint、hardware 與 healthcare deployment 的環境成本。 |
| BMJ commission on the future of doctoring should start from the margins | letter | 建議 future of doctoring 從 disabled、neurodivergent、IMG、racial/sexual minority doctors 的系統摩擦開始聽。 |
| Patient decision making should be supported, not shared | letter | 質疑 shared decision making 一詞可能稀釋病人自主;主張醫師應提供資訊與支持,而非把決策責任混合化。 |
| England’s 10 year health plan: aligning hope with economic reality | analysis | 10 年計畫的三大 shifts 需有資源重配置與評估時程;若只期待 productivity gains 會低估轉型成本。 |
| The medical regulation process is unfit to handle the complex challenges of our time | commentary | 以 protest-related GMC process 為例,主張 regulation 需能審視 ethical context,而非把任何違法都等同 professional misconduct。 |
| HIV transmission cannot be stopped without equity | editorial | England 要在 2030 前終止 HIV transmission,不能只靠 testing、PrEP、relinking;sex workers、PWID、homelessness、prison populations 需 equity targets。 |
訃聞
| 文章 | 類型 | 導讀重點 |
|---|---|---|
| Ahilya Noone: public health expert who led work on hospital associated infection in Scotland | obituary | 記述 Ahilya Noone 從臨床、GP 到 public health 的軌跡,重點在 hospital associated infection 與 Scotland 公衛實務。 |
| Jennifer Rosemary Anderson | obituary | 追念 Jennifer Anderson 的 ophthalmology 生涯與家庭醫學背景;呈現戰後世代醫師的專科養成與服務。 |
| Colin Greenhill Barnes | obituary | Colin Barnes 為 consultant rheumatologist,特別支持 haemophilia centre 與 haemophilic arthropathy care。 |
| John Harkness: GP and public health officer who carried out a comprehensive study of community diabetes | obituary | John Harkness 的 GP 與 public health 工作以 community diabetes study 為亮點,展現社區資料與慢病照護的早期整合。 |
| Ivan George Cox | obituary | Ivan Cox 由早年 polio 經驗走向 general practice,訃聞呈現個人病史如何形塑臨床職涯選擇。 |
| Rebecca Barton Dunn | obituary | Rebecca Barton Dunn 為 geriatric medicine consultant,跨 Bristol、Southampton、Portsmouth、Exeter 與海外訓練背景。 |
| Neil Smart: colorectal surgeon who sought to improve the lives of patients with stomas | obituary | Neil Smart 是 colorectal surgeon 與 clinical trials leader,重點在 stoma patients 生活品質與 colorectal surgery 研究。 |
臨床可帶走的 10 點
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孕期 sedative 使用可較放心,但不能草率:以 benzodiazepine/Z-hypnotic cohort — observational, OA 與 linked editorial — editorial 來看,familial confounding 很重要;晚孕期、長期 Z-hypnotic 仍需個別討論。
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早期生活環境是健康介入: Swedish adoption-discordant sibling study — observational, OA 與 linked editorial — editorial 支持把兒童保護、家庭支持與教育政策視為健康政策。
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ASD neuromodulation 有正向短期 RCT 訊號: a-cTBS trial — RCT, OA 顯示 SRS-2 改善,但一個月追蹤不足以支持廣泛常規化,仍需長期與外部複製。
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Alzheimer’s disease 新藥要看病人重要 outcome: Cochrane review news — news、drug treatment review — review、pharmaceutical solutions editorial — editorial 共同提醒 amyloid clearance 不等於臨床功能改善。
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健康資料平台的安全是臨床研究前提: UK Biobank leak — news 說明 de-identification 不能取代 output checking、airlock 與 accountable governance。
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Hospital at Home 不是「把病床搬回家」而已: Hospital at Home feature — feature 與 poor housing analysis — news analysis 顯示 housing、digital access、carer burden 與 escalation pathway 決定安全性。
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轉診分流不能用行政目標取代臨床判斷: advice and guidance news — news 與 Scarlett McNally commentary — commentary 都指向 named consultant response、責任歸屬與 GP workload。
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Workforce substitution 需清楚界線: non-doctors rota gaps — news、medical news in brief — news、NHS dentistry editorial — editorial 都顯示人力危機不能只靠角色替代或短期補洞。
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公共衛生仍是最有效的疾病控制工具: Tobacco and Vapes Bill — news、alcohol MUP letter — letter、cancer plan letter — letter、HIV equity editorial — editorial 都把 prevention 與 inequalities 放在核心。
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溝通與同理是病安工具,不是附加價值: careers Q&A — Q&A、doctors shouldn’t control the narrative — commentary、compassion in emergency medicine — commentary、vitiligo patient narrative — patient narrative 都提醒臨床品質從互動細節開始。
完整文章連結(按文章類型分組)
Research
- Benzodiazepine or Z-hypnotic use during pregnancy and risk of psychiatric disorders in children — observational, OA
- Home environment conditions during childhood and psychosocial outcomes across three generations in Sweden — observational, OA
- Accelerated continuous theta burst stimulation targeting left primary motor cortex for children with autism spectrum disorder — RCT, OA
Reviews / Practice / Education
- Advances in the drug treatment of Alzheimer’s disease: pathophysiology and mechanisms of action — review
- Identifying and evaluating adolescent idiopathic scoliosis — practice points
- Ambient scribes fall short … and other research — research digest
- Nausea and jaundice in a patient with burns — case
- Preventing cognitive decline … and other stories — research digest
- Beyond skin: living with a visible condition — patient narrative
Editorials / Opinion / Analysis / Commentary
- Diagnosing President Trump and treating Alzheimer’s: the complexities of brain health — editorial
- What the UK nature security assessment means for global public health — editorial
- Attrition in NHS dentistry threatens patient care — editorial
- Should doctors speak of their concerns about the mental health of a president? — opinion
- Sedatives in pregnancy and psychiatric outcomes in offspring — editorial
- Lasting consequences of early environments on health — editorial
- Helen Salisbury: AI medical chatbots—more hype than help — commentary
- John Launer: Doctors shouldn’t control the narrative — commentary
- Make compassion visible in emergency medicine again — commentary
- Scarlett McNally: A bureaucratic “advice and guidance” service wouldn’t have fixed the outpatient waiting list — commentary
- England’s 10 year health plan: aligning hope with economic reality — analysis
- The medical regulation process is unfit to handle the complex challenges of our time — commentary
- Innovation in Alzheimer’s disease needs more than pharmaceutical solutions — editorial
- HIV transmission cannot be stopped without equity — editorial
Letters / Correspondence
- England left behind on effective alcohol policy — letter
- Prevention and inequalities will determine success of England’s cancer plan — letter
- Widening the lens: genetic testing barriers risk compounding prostate cancer inequalities — letter
- Is banning social media the right response to the adolescent mental health crisis? — letter
- Vascular pathways in post-acute infectious disease — letter
- Non-violent civil disobedience in the climate emergency — letter
- Evaluating the environmental impact of AI in healthcare is essential for planetary health — letter
- BMJ commission on the future of doctoring should start from the margins — letter
- Patient decision making should be supported, not shared — letter
News / Feature / Humanities / Careers
- Non-doctors are filling medical rota gaps in NHS hospitals, audit finds — news
- Medical news in brief: One in three doctors consider quitting, assisted dying bill falls, action needed to retain anaesthetists, and other stories — news
- Tobacco and Vapes Bill: UK ban on smoking by anyone born after 2008 is passed — news
- Toilet deserts in England: Just a wee problem? — news
- UK Biobank leak: Health details of 500 000 people are offered for sale on Chinese website — news
- Advice and guidance: NHS backpedals on controversial scheme to cut GP referrals by 25% — news
- Alzheimer’s drugs targeting amyloid do not produce clinically meaningful effects, concludes Cochrane review — news
- Private care soars at some hospital trusts despite huge NHS backlogs — news analysis
- NHS workers join cast of musical about AMR — humanities
- Donald Trump’s mental health: are health professionals’ media speculations ethical or dangerous? — feature
- Will England’s poor housing stock derail the “hospital to home” shift? — news analysis
- Hospital at Home has expanded rapidly on the assumption it’s what patients want—but what do they really think? — feature
- SpoGomi: The UK doctor dominating the Japanese sport of competitive litter picking — profile
- My colleague doesn’t take initiative, what can I do? — Q&A
Obituaries
- Ahilya Noone: public health expert who led work on hospital associated infection in Scotland — obituary
- Jennifer Rosemary Anderson — obituary
- Colin Greenhill Barnes — obituary
- John Harkness: GP and public health officer who carried out a comprehensive study of community diabetes — obituary
- Ivan George Cox — obituary
- Rebecca Barton Dunn — obituary
- Neil Smart: colorectal surgeon who sought to improve the lives of patients with stomas — obituary